Abstract

Background: Rofecoxib and meloxicam are classified as cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors. The DSRU monitored the post marketing safety of these drugs in England using the non-interventional observational cohort technique of Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM).

Objectives: To compare the incidence rates of selected thromboembolic (TE)(cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral venous thrombotic) events reported for patients prescribed rofecoxib and meloxicam in general practice.

Methods: Patients were identified from dispensed prescriptions written by general practitioners (GPs) for meloxicam (December 1996 - March 1997) and rofecoxib (July - November 1999). Simple questionnaires requesting details of events recorded during/after treatment, indication and potential risk factors (including age, sex, and NSAIDS prescribed within 3 months of treatment) were posted to prescribing GPs approximately 9 months after the first prescription for each patient. Incidence rates of the first event within each TE group were calculated; crude and age- and sex adjusted rate ratios (RR) obtained using regression modelling.

Results: During the 9 months after starting treatment, 21 (0.14%) and 19 (0.10%) of patients were reported to have cardiovascular TE events, and 74 (0.48%) and 52 (0.27%) cerebrovascular TE events, and 6 (0.05%) and 20 (0.10%) were reported to have peripheral venous thrombotic events for rofecoxib and meloxicam respectively. Regarding time to first event, there was a persistent divergence between the two drugs from the start of treatment for both the cerebrovascular TE event group (Log Rank test p=0.0063) and the peripheral venous thrombotic event group (Log Rank test p=0.0264). Indication and use of an NSAID within 3 months prior to starting treatment had no statistically significant effect on the relative risk estimates of the event groups and was excluded from subsequent analyses. Adjusting for two identified risk factors: age (age2) and sex, for rofecoxib the adjusted cerebrovascular TE event group rate was higher than for meloxicam, RR 1.68 (95% CI 1.15,2.46); lower than meloxicam for peripheral venous thrombotic event group, RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.11,0.78), and no different for the cardiovascular TE event group, RR 1.38 (95%CI 0.71,2.67).

Conclusions: This study reports a relative increase in the rate of cerebrovascular TE events and a relative reduction in peripheral venous thrombotic events in users of rofecoxib compared to meloxicam. There was no difference in the rate of cardiovascular thromboembolic events. The incidence of these three groups of events reported in each of these two drug cohorts was low (less than 0.5%), therefore the relevance of our findings need to be taken into consideration with other clinical and pharmacoepidemiological studies.